Evaluation of Drug Safety and Efficacy in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Pharmacological Review

Abstract

This literature-based study evaluates the safety and efficacy of commonly used pharmacological treatments in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). CKD alters drug metabolism and excretion, necessitating careful consideration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors to avoid adverse effects and ensure therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on assessing the clinical outcomes of various drug classes, including antihypertensives, diuretics, antidiabetics, and nephroprotective agents, in CKD patients. By analyzing data from multiple peer-reviewed studies and clinical trials, the review highlights key findings on the dose adjustments, safety profiles, and risk of drug-related toxicities associated with impaired renal function. Additionally, the study discusses emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at improving drug efficacy while minimizing nephrotoxicity. Special attention is given to drug-drug interactions, which are particularly significant in CKD patients due to polypharmacy. The findings underscore the need for personalized medicine approaches, frequent monitoring of kidney function, and multidisciplinary care to optimize pharmacological treatment in CKD. This review provides valuable insights for clinicians in improving drug safety and efficacy for CKD patients and contributes to ongoing research in pharmacotherapy management for this high-risk population.